Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Patients with Acute MI in a Secondary Hospital in Bangladesh

Background: Incidence of noncommunicable disease, specially cardiovascular diseases, is increasing
in Bangladesh. Prevalence of risk factors in ischaemic heart disease (IHD) has been studied in
different tertiary hospitals and institutes. This study was done in a secondary hospital with a
patient population mainly of low socioeconomic condition and was compared with other patient
groups of the country and Indian subcontinent.
Methods: this cross sectional study was conducted in Manikganj Sadar Hospital from July 2019 to
December 2019. All the patients admitted with the diagnosis of myocardial infarction (MI) were
included. Cardiovascular risk factors, like smoking, diabetes mellitus (DM), hypertension (HTN),
family history of premature cardiovascular diseases, dyslipidaemia and obesity, were evaluated
among the patients.
Results: This cross-sectional study showed most of the patients were in the age group of 50-59 years.
66% of the male patients and 2% of the female patients were smoker. 66% of the patients were
hypertensive, 44% patients were diabetic, 28.5% patients were overweight, 60.4% patients had total
cholesterol > 200mg/dl, 73.6% patients had LDL>130 mg/dl, 110 76.3% patients had HDL < 40 mg/
dl, 72.2% had triglyceride >150 mg/dl and 39% patients had family history of premature
cardiovascular disease. Ninety (62.5%) patients had anterior MI, 50 (34.7%) patients had inferior MI
and 4 (2.7%) patients had NSTEMI. 65 patients had no major risk factor and 57 % had three or more
risk factors.
Conclusion: The study population was more aged in comparison to other studies conducted in
different parts of Bangladesh. Prevalence of smoking habit was lower but the prevalence of HTN,
DM and dyslipidaemia were higher than the general population and other cohorts of MI patients.
The prevalence of major risk factors was much higher than the general population of Bangladesh.